Background Many empirical studies have shown inverse associations between measures of
religiousness and spirituality (R/S) and depression. Although the majority of these studies is …

The evidence base on the relationship between religion and mental health is growing
rapidly, and we summarise the latest research on the topic. This includes studies on …

Selecting an appropriate set of confounders for which to control is critical for reliable causal
inference. Recent theoretical and methodological developments have helped clarify a …

Many empirical studies throughout the social and biomedical sciences focus only on very
narrow outcomes such as income, or a single specific disease state, or a measure of positive …

The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the longitudinal positive effect of
religion or spirituality (R/S) on mental health. We summarized 48 longitudinal studies (59 …

Importance Social media use may be a risk factor for mental health problems in adolescents.
However, few longitudinal studies have investigated this association, and none have …

This article compares different approaches for estimating cross-lagged effects with a cross-
lagged panel design under a causal inference perspective. We distinguish between models …

Policy Points Several intergovernmental organizations (Organisation for Economic Co‐
operation and Development, World Health Organization, United Nations) are urging …

Importance Procrastination is prevalent among university students and is hypothesized to
lead to adverse health outcomes. Previous cross-sectional research suggests that …

Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Designs for Causal Inference: A New Template for Empirical
Studies Page 1 Statistical Science 2020, Vol. 35, No. 3, 437–466 https://doi.org/10.1214/19-STS728 …