Photosystem II (PSII) of photosynthesis catalyzes one of the most challenging reactions in
nature, the light driven oxidation of water and release of molecular oxygen. PSII couples the …

In photosynthetic organisms, the production of dangerous oxygen species is stimulated
under high irradiance. To cope with this stress, these organisms have evolved …

Pigment-protein and pigment-pigment interactions are of fundamental importance to the light-
harvesting and photoprotective functions essential to oxygenic photosynthesis. The orange …

Ancient microbes invented biochemical mechanisms and assembled core metabolic
pathways on an anoxic Earth. Molecular oxygen appeared far later, forcing microbes to …

The emergence of chlorophyll-containing light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) was a crucial
milestone in the evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. Light-harvesting …

Carotenoids are isoprenoid lipids found across the tree of life with important implications in
oxidative stress adaptations, photosynthetic metabolisms, as well as in membrane …

Carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) are ubiquitous constituents of living organisms.
They are protective agents against oxidative stresses and serve as modulators of membrane …

Under high irradiance, light becomes dangerous for photosynthetic organisms and they
must protect themselves. Cyanobacteria have developed a simple mechanism, involving a …

This review discusses the evidence for the involvement of superoxide radical, hydrogen
peroxide and singlet oxygen (reactive oxygen species, ROS) as triggers for coral bleaching …

Life on earth is sustained by oxygenic photosynthesis, a process that converts solar energy,
carbon dioxide, and water into chemical energy and biomass. Sunlight is essential for …