Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75° C, far outpacing the global average,
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …

Climate change is asymmetrically altering environmental conditions in space, from local to
global scales, creating novel heterogeneity. Here, we argue that this novel heterogeneity will …

Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem
services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure …

Enrichment of nutrients and loss of herbivores are assumed to cause a loss of plant diversity
in grassland ecosystems because they increase plant cover, which leads to a decrease of …

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential
ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and …

Climate strongly shapes plant diversity over large spatial scales, with relatively warm and
wet (benign, productive) regions supporting greater numbers of species. Unresolved …

There is growing interest in the application of alternative stable state (ASS) theory to explain
major vegetation patterns of the world. Here, we introduce the theory as applied to the …

Regions and localities may lose many species to extinction under rapid climate change and
may gain other species that colonize from nearby warmer environments. Here, it is argued …

Herbivory and plant defenses exhibit a coupled decline along elevation gradients. However,
the current ecological equilibrium could be disrupted under climate change, with a faster …

Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of
species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the …