The world is witnessing a difficult time. The race of develo** a new coronavirus (COVID-
19) vaccine is becoming more urgent. Many preliminary studies on the pathophysiology of …

Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air‐mediated disease induced by polluted air,
smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID‐19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease …

Mastitis is the inflammation of mammary glands which causes huge economic loss in dairy
cows. Inflammation, any tissue injury and pathogens in cow udder activate Toll-like …

Icariin (ICA) is a naturally occurring phytochemical agent primarily extracted from
Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim (Family Berberidaceae) with a broad spectrum of …

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and inflammatory skin disease. Topical agents, which can
avoid the adverse effects of systemic treatment, are the first-choice therapy for patients with …

Oxidative stress, driven by reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur species (ROS, RNS,
RSS), poses a significant threat to cellular integrity and human health. Generated during …

Common ivy (CI) or Hedera Helix L., is a clinging evergreen vine that can be cultivated on
any vertical surface (walls, fences, tree trunks, etc.). In Europe, CI has been recommended …

Endometritis reduces reproductive effectiveness and leads to significant financial losses in
the dairy sector. Luteolin is a natural phyto-flavonoid compound with many biological …

Hederacoside C (HSC) has attracted much attention as a novel modulator of inflammation,
but its anti-inflammatory mechanism remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) has been reported to mediate airway inflammation,
however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In the present study, our objective …