The modes of Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV), traditionally defined as statistical
patterns of variance, reflect to first order the ocean's integration (ie, reddening) of …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

While climate change mitigation targets necessarily concern maximum mean state changes,
understanding impacts and develo** adaptation strategies will be largely contingent on …

Coastal zones are fragile and complex dynamical systems that are increasingly under threat
from the combined effects of anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Using global …

Abstract Changes in the frequency and magnitude of dry spells have been recorded over the
past few decades due to an intensification of the global water cycle. A long-term soil drying …

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest interannual climate variability with far-
reaching socioeconomic consequences. Many studies have investigated ENSO-projected …

Understanding the influence of volcanism on ENSO and associated climatic impacts is of
great scientific and social importance. Although many studies on the volcano–ENSO nexus …

Future changes in the seasonal evolution of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
during its onset and decay phases have received little attention by the research community …

Future changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are uncertain, both because
future projections differ between climate models and because the large internal variability of …

Abstract The El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has far reaching impacts through
atmospheric teleconnections, which make it a prominent driver of global interannual climate …