Importance Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has multifactorial etiology and long-term
adverse consequences. An umbrella review enables the evaluation of multiple proposed …

Background. Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common elbow problem. Extracorporeal shock
wave therapy (ESWT) was widely used in the treatment of LE and has been shown to relieve …

The incidence of preterm birth is increasing, leading to a growing population with potential
long-term pulmonary complications. Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is one of the major …

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for dose and effectiveness
of caffeine in preterm infants. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL Plus, CENTRAL, and trial …

Mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving treatment used to treat critical neonatal patients. It
facilitates gas exchange, oxygenation, and CO2 removal. Despite advances in non-invasive …

Background Methylxanthine, including caffeine citrate and aminophylline, is the most
common pharmacologic treatment for apnea of prematurity. However, due to the lack of high …

Caffeine is the most widely used drug by both adults and children worldwide due to its ability
to promote alertness and elevate moods. It is effective in the management of apnea of …

Caffeine citrate is the drug of choice for the pharmacological treatment of apnea of
prematurity. Factors such as maturity and genetic variation contribute to the interindividual …

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease affecting over 35% of
extremely preterm infants born each year. Despite the advances made in understanding the …

Background: Very preterm birth often results in the development of bronchopulmonary
dysplasia (BPD) with an inverse correlation of gestational age and birthweight. This very …