Apathy and anhedonia are common syndromes of motivation that are associated with a wide
range of brain disorders and have no established therapies. Research using animal models …

Research on defensive behaviour in mammals has in recent years focused on elicited
reactions; however, organisms also make active choices when responding to danger. We …

Since its introduction, the reward prediction error theory of dopamine has explained a wealth
of empirical phenomena, providing a unifying framework for understanding the …

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit concurrent deficits in both sensory
and higher-order cognitive processing. Connectome studies have suggested a principal …

The amount of mental effort we invest in a task is influenced by the reward we can expect if
we perform that task well. However, some of the rewards that have the greatest potential for …

Depression is linked to deficits in cognitive control and a host of other cognitive impairments
arise as a consequence of these deficits. Despite of their important role in depression, there …

Attention is the gate through which sensory information enters our conscious experiences.
Oftentimes, patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) complain of concentration …

Naturalistic observations show that decisions to avoid or escape predators occur at different
spatiotemporal scales and that they are supported by different computations and neural …

To make decisions, animals must evaluate candidate choices by accessing memories of
relevant experiences. Yet little is known about which experiences are considered or ignored …

Human perceptual decisions are often described as optimal. Critics of this view have argued
that claims of optimality are overly flexible and lack explanatory power. Meanwhile …