Chatbots are intelligent conversational agents that can interact with users through natural
languages. As chatbots can perform a variety of tasks, many companies have committed …

Natural language processing (NLP) is a subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on
enabling computers to understand and process human languages. In the last five years, we …

Non-task oriented dialogue systems have achieved great success in recent years due to
largely accessible conversation data and the development of deep learning techniques …

Currently, researchers have paid great attention to retrieval-based dialogues in open-
domain. In particular, people study the problem by investigating context-response matching …

The technology improvement has radically changed how tourists perform their journey
offering new services to enhance their cultural experience and to easily retrieve required …

Chatbots have become the go-to platform for users to receive answers to their queries. They
are now being used by many businesses too to provide their customers with a virtual …

A major problem in task-oriented conversational agents is the lack of support for the repair of
conversational breakdowns. Prior studies have shown that current repair strategies for these …

In this chapter, we provide a review of conversational agents (CAs), discussing chatbots,
intended for casual conversation with a user, as well as task-oriented agents that generally …

In this paper we present the Exemplar Encoder-Decoder network (EED), a novel
conversation model that learns to utilize similar examples from training data to generate …

Chatbots are software applications assimilating human communication with the aim to raise
adherence and engagement between human-systems interaction. Text messaging-based …