Ethnopharmacological relevance Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory
autoimmune disease influenced by diverse endogenous and exogenous factors. It is …

Background and aim Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory
disease; the clinical manifestations are correlated with continuum multiarticular synovitis …

Pathological pain can be initiated after inflammation and/or peripheral nerve injury. It is a
consequence of the pathological functioning of the nervous system rather than only a …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic prototypic immune-mediated inflammatory disease
which is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, leading to progressive joint …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease involving joints, with clinical
manifestations of joint inflammation, bone damage and cartilage destruction, joint …

Saffron petal (SP) is an agricultural byproduct in the process of the crude drug saffron,
accounting for 90% of the dry weight of saffron flowers. To promote the utilization of SP in the …

Aim High dose of fluoride intake is associated with toxic effects on liver and kidney tissues.
One approach to tackle these toxicities is using natural antioxidants as supplements. This …

Control of excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress could provide new targets for both
preventive and therapeutic interventions in the treatment of chronic inflammation or any …

Osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degenerative disease characterized by cartilage
destruction, has emerged as a public health challenge in the current aging society. In …

Macrophages, an important part of human immune system, possess a high plasticity and
heterogeneity (macrophage polarization) as classically activated macrophages (M1) and …