This article reviews the physics of high-temperature superconductors from the point of view
of the do** of a Mott insulator. The basic electronic structure of cuprates is reviewed …

The last decade witnessed significant progress in angle-resolved photoemission
spectroscopy (ARPES) and its applications. Today, ARPES experiments with 2-meV energy …

Topological solitons, a class of stable nonlinear excitations, appear in diverse domains as in
the Skyrme model of nuclear forces. Here, we argue that similar excitations play an …

NATURE abounds with phase transitions. The boiling and freezing of water are everyday
examples of phase transitions, as are more exotic processes such as superconductivity and …

We report results of large-scale ground-state density matrix renormalization group (DMRG)
calculations on tt′-J cylinders with circumferences 6 and 8. We determine a rough phase …

A wide variety of experimental results and theoretical investigations in recent years have
convincingly demonstrated that several transition metal oxides and other materials have …

We review results concerning the critical behavior of spin systems at equilibrium. We
consider the Ising and the general O (N)-symmetric universality classes, including the N→ 0 …

The electronic phase diagrams of many highly correlated systems, and, in particular, the
cuprate high temperature superconductors, are complex, with many different phases …

Pairing symmetry in the cuprate superconductors is an important and controversial topic.
The recent development of phase-sensitive tests, combined with the refinement of several …

In a conventional superconductor, the binding of electrons into the paired states that
collectively carry the supercurrent is mediated by phonons—vibrations of the crystal lattice …