Cortical networks are composed of glutamatergic excitatory projection neurons and local
GABAergic inhibitory interneurons that gate signal flow and sculpt network dynamics …

Calcium ions generate versatile intracellular signals that control key functions in all types of
neurons. Imaging calcium in neurons is particularly important because calcium signals exert …

Understanding brain circuits begins with an appreciation of their component parts—the cells.
Although GABAergic interneurons are a minority population within the brain, they are crucial …

The light microscope is traditionally an instrument of substantial size and expense. Its
miniaturized integration would enable many new applications based on mass-producible …

Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis,
and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its …

The influence of motor activity on sensory processing is crucial for perception and motor
execution. However, the underlying circuits are not known. To unravel the circuit by which …

Synaptic plasticity is believed to be a key physiological mechanism for learning. It is well
established that it depends on pre-and postsynaptic activity. However, models that rely …

A basic feature of intelligent systems such as the cerebral cortex is the ability to freely
associate aspects of perceived experience with an internal representation of the world and …

The sensory cortex contains a wide array of neuronal types, which are connected together
into complex but partially stereotyped circuits. Sensory stimuli trigger cascades of electrical …

Deep learning has led to significant advances in artificial intelligence, in part, by adopting
strategies motivated by neurophysiology. However, it is unclear whether deep learning …