The gender gap in substance use disorders (SUDs), characterized by greater prevalence in
men, is narrowing, highlighting the importance of understanding sex and gender differences …

A growing body of research demonstrates menstrual cycle–dependent fluctuations in
psychiatric symptoms; these fluctuations can therefore be considered as prevalent …

This review discusses alcohol and other forms of drug addiction as both a sociocultural and
biological phenomenon. Sex differences and gender are not solely determined by biology …

Sex/gender effects have been demonstrated for multiple aspects of addiction, with one of the
most commonly cited examples being the “telesco** effect” where women meet criteria …

Although both males and females become addicted to cocaine, females transition to
addiction faster and experience greater difficulties remaining abstinent. We demonstrate an …

A widely held dogma in the preclinical addiction field is that females are more vulnerable
than males to drug craving and relapse. Here, we first review clinical studies on sex …

The purpose of this review is to discuss ways to think about and study sex differences in
preclinical animal models. We use the framework of addiction, in which animal models have …

Sex differences are present for all of the phases of drug abuse (initiation, escalation of use,
addiction, and relapse following abstinence). While there are some differences among …

Epidemiological data demonstrate that while women report lower rates of drug use than
men, the number of current drug users and abusers who are women continues to increase …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is exquisitely sensitive to its neurochemical environment. Minor
fluctuations in cortical dopamine (DA) can profoundly alter working memory, a PFC …