Transcranial (electro) magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-
invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a …

Summary Gamma oscillations (∼ 30–150 Hz) are widespread correlates of neural circuit
functions. These network activity patterns have been described across multiple animal …

Brain function is a product of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain
activity. Variation in the regulation of this activity is thought to give rise to normal variation in …

Working memory is the fundamental function by which we break free from reflexive input-
output reactions to gain control over our own thoughts. It has two types of mechanisms …

Complex cognitive functions such as working memory and decision-making require
information maintenance over seconds to years, from transient sensory stimuli to long-term …

Neural circuits sit in a dynamic balance between excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Fluctuations
in E: I balance have been shown to influence neural computation, working memory, and …

Sharp wave ripples (SPW‐Rs) represent the most synchronous population pattern in the
mammalian brain. Their excitatory output affects a wide area of the cortex and several …

Working memory is thought to result from sustained neuron spiking. However, computational
models suggest complex dynamics with discrete oscillatory bursts. We analyzed local field …

Abstract The biological Hodgkin–Huxley model and its simplified versions have confirmed its
effectiveness for recognizing and understanding the electrical activities in neurons, and …

The brain regulates information flow by balancing the segregation and integration of
incoming stimuli to facilitate flexible cognition and behaviour. The topological features of …