The microbial degradation of lignin has been well studied in white-rot and brown-rot fungi,
but is much less well studied in bacteria. Recent published work suggests that a range of …

Many animals depend on microbial symbionts to provide nutrition, defence or other services.
Holometabolous insects, as well as other animals that undergo metamorphosis, face unique …

The insect gut microbiota has been shown to contribute to the host's digestion, detoxification,
development, pathogen resistance, and physiology. However, there is poor information …

Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as an important model of non-pathogenic host–
microbe interactions. The genetic and experimental tractability of Drosophila has led to …

Many insects contain diverse gut microbial communities. While several studies have focused
on a single or small group of species, comparative studies of phylogenetically diverse hosts …

Microbial communities comprise an interwoven matrix of biological diversity modified by
physical and chemical variation over space and time. Although these communities are the …

Background The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, is the most
serious insect pest of western North American pine forests. A recent outbreak destroyed …

Lignin is a potential feedstock due to its energy content and its abundant availability from
biomass based biorefinery. Among the different fractions of biomass, lignin has been under …

Ectosymbioses among bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) and fungi (primarily
ophiostomatoid Ascomycetes) are widespread and diverse. Associations range from …

A vast community of organisms occurs on and within bark beetles and bark beetle-infested
trees. The large diversity of symbiotic species covers a breadth of functional roles that are …