Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes that exists throughout the world. DR
occurs due to a high ratio of glucose in the blood, which causes alterations in the retinal …

The eye affords a unique opportunity to inspect a rich part of the human microvasculature
non-invasively via retinal imaging. Retinal blood vessel segmentation and classification are …

Deep learning algorithms produces state-of-the-art results for different machine learning and
computer vision tasks. To perform well on a given task, these algorithms require large …

Retinal vessel segmentation is a vital part of pathological analysis in Fundus imaging. The
automatic detection of blood vessels resolves several issues in the manual segmentation …

In recent decades, the eye diseases have become the leading causes of blindness in young
adults. Most of the cases can be prevented if detected in the early stages. For instance, the …

The morphological properties of retinal vessels are closely related to the diagnosis of
ophthalmic diseases. However, many problems in retinal images, such as complicated …

Retinal blood vessels have been presented to contribute confirmation with regard to
tortuosity, branching angles, or change in diameter as a result of ophthalmic disease …

Bone and muscle have been recognized as endocrine organs since they produce and
secrete “hormone-like factors” that can mutually influence each other and other tissues …

Segmentation of vessel in retinal fundus images is a primary step for the clinical
identification for specific eye diseases. Effective diagnosis of vascular pathologies from …

The presence of corneal vascularization (CV) interferes with the angiogenic and immune
privilege of the cornea, risking rejection in eyes following keratoplasty. Pre-operative (lymph) …