In the past ten years there has been recognition that chronic post-surgical pain is a
significant problem. This is a complex area of research and although the quality of studies …

Most patients who undergo surgery recover uneventfully and resume their normal daily
activities within weeks. Nevertheless, chronic postsurgical pain develops in an alarming …

Introduction Pain treatment is best performed when a patient-centric, safety-based
philosophy is used to determine an algorithmic process to guide care. Since 2007, the …

The transition from acute to chronic pain appears to occur in discrete pathophysiological and
histopathological steps. Stimuli initiating a nociceptive response vary, but receptors and …

The anaesthetic ketamine is used to treat various chronic pain syndromes, especially those
that have a neuropathic component. Low dose ketamine produces strong analgesia in …

Postamputation pain (PAP) is highly prevalent after limb amputation but remains an
extremely challenging pain condition to treat. A large part of its intractability stems from the …

Background Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent postoperative pain
(PPP), a frequent and debilitating condition. This review was originally published in 2012 …

Background This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue
12, 2011. Phantom limb pain (PLP) is pain that arises in the missing limb after amputation …

The vast amount of research over the past decades has significantly added to our
knowledge of phantom limb pain. Multiple factors including site of amputation or presence of …

Methods: This review aims to provide an interdisciplinary overview of recent evidence-based
and clinical knowledge. Results: The scientific evidence for best practice is weak and …