Quantifying rates of climate change in mountain regions is of considerable interest, not least
because mountains are viewed as climate “hotspots” where change can anticipate or …

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is also known as the “Third Pole”. Elevation dependent
warming (EDW), the phenomenon that warming rate changes systematically with elevation …

Since 2010 an uninterrupted sequence of dry years, with annual rainfall deficits ranging from
25 to 45%, has prevailed in central Chile (western South America, 30–38° S). Although …

Glaciers in the tropical Andes have been retreating for the past several decades, leading to
a temporary increase in dry season water supply downstream. Projected future glacier …

Global warming is forcing many species to shift their distributions upward, causing
consequent changes in the compositions of species that occur at specific locations. This …

Mountains are highly sensitive to climate change. Their elevated areas provide essential
ecosystem services both for the surrounding mountainous regions and particularly for …

The Andes is the most biodiverse region across the globe. In addition, some of the largest
urban areas in South America are located within this region. Therefore, ecosystems and …

This paper evaluates the relationship between fire occurrence (number and burned area)
and climate variability (precipitation and maximum temperatures) across central and south …

High-altitude ecosystems shelter important reserves of biodiversity, water provision and soil
organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Climate change, agricultural encroachment, overgrazing, and …

Evidence of observed negative impacts on natural and human systems from anthropogenic
climate change is increasing. However, human systems in particular are dynamic and …