Fungi and bacteria are found living together in a wide variety of environments. Their
interactions are significant drivers of many ecosystem functions and are important for the …

Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial
habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global …

The work of Mark et al.(2020; pp. 1362–1375), in this issue of New Phytologist, prompted us
to revisit how the term 'lichen'should now be defined, as they dig deeper into the …

Globally, forests represent highly productive ecosystems that act as carbon sinks where soil
organic matter is formed from residuals after biomass decomposition as well as from …

Ninety years after Zahlbruckner, we present the most recent update to the classification of
lichen fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota to genus level, with species numbers and …

Algae and bacteria have coexisted ever since the early stages of evolution. This coevolution
has revolutionized life on earth in many aspects. Algae and bacteria together influence …

Evidence shows that bacteria contribute actively to the decomposition of cellulose and
hemicellulose in forest soil; however, their role in this process is still unclear. Here we …

Lichens are symbiotic associations resulting from interactions among fungi (primary and
secondary mycobionts), algae and/or cyanobacteria (primary and secondary photobionts) …

Lichens, which are defined by a core symbiosis between a mycobiont (fungal partner) and a
photobiont (photoautotrophic partner), are in fact complex assemblages of microorganisms …

A review of algal (including cyanobacterial) symbionts associated with lichen-forming fungi
is presented. General aspects of their biology relevant to lichen symbioses are summarized …