The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex composed of the innate
immune receptor protein NLRP3, adapter protein ASC, and inflammatory protease caspase …

Apoptosis is widely known as programmed cell death eliciting no inflammatory responses.
The intricacy of apoptosis has been a focus of an array of researches, accumulating a wealth …

Cardiomyocytes are subjected to the intense mechanical stress and metabolic demands of
the beating heart. It is unclear whether these cells, which are long-lived and rarely renew …

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common heart disease and the leading cause of
cardiovascular death. Apoptosis and autophagy are two forms of programmed cell deaths …

Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental
physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal …

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that results from the imbalance of
homeostasis within the bone. Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be developed into an important arsenal against cancer; it
is a minimally invasive therapy, which is used in the treatment or/and palliation of a variety of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of dopamine
neurons in the substantia nigra. The reason for the death of these neurons is unclear; …

In the last decade, the role of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI)
and AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression has been revisited as our …

The calcium ion has long been known to play an important role in cell death regulation.
Hence, necrotic cell death was early associated with intracellular Ca 2+ overload, leading to …