Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used for ocean conservation, yet the relative
impacts of various types of MPAs are poorly understood. We estimated impacts on fish …

Fishes are by far the most species-rich group of vertebrates, with 36,105 species currently
recognised, approximately the same number of species as that of all non-fish vertebrates …

Widespread degradation of marine ecosystems and ecosystem services, coupled with
national and global commitments to improve protection of the oceans, has led to a …

Despite increasing efforts and investment in mangrove conservation, mangrove cover
continues to decline globally. The extent to which protected area (PA) management …

Herbivore management is an important tool for resilience-based approaches to coral reef
conservation, and evidence-based science is needed to enact successful management. We …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) can protect and restore marine biodiversity and fisheries, but
there are concerns that they may also benefit invasive species. The spatial and temporal …

Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) represent a new frontier in
conservation, aiming to acknowledge efforts that contribute to biodiversity beyond marine …

Community-based conservation has been increasingly recognized as critical to achieve both
conservation and socio-economic development goals worldwide. However, the long-term …

Background There is global pressure to protect more of the world's oceans, primarily to
protect biodiversity, and to fulfill the “30 by 30” goal set by the International Union for the …

Aquatic foods are a vital source of nutrients for coastal communities around the world. The
global commitment to expand marine protected areas (MPAs) means it is critical to …