Over the last century hundreds of studies have demonstrated that testing is an effective
intervention to enhance long-term retention of studied knowledge and facilitate mastery of …

Attempting recall of information from memory, as occurs when taking a practice test, is one of
the most potent training techniques known to learning science. However, does testing yield …

The recent emergence and popularity of online educational resources brings with it
challenges for educators to optimize the dissemination of online content. Here we provide …

Learning is often identified with the acquisition and encoding of new information. Reading a
textbook, listening to a lecture, participating in a hands-on classroom activity, and studying a …

Retrieval is the key process for understanding learning and for promoting learning, yet
retrieval is not often granted the central role it deserves. Learning is typically identified with …

In recent years, cognitive and educational psychologists have become interested in applying
principles of cognitive psychology to education. Here, we discuss the importance of …

Abstract [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological
Bulletin on Oct 5 2020 (see record 2020-74925-001). In the article, the Appendix and …

Many studies have shown that retrieving information during a test facilitates later memory for
that information. Most research on this testing effect has focused on retention of information …

In the last couple of years, there has been a dramatic increase in laboratory research
examining the benefits of recall testing on long-term learning and retention. This work was …

Testing within the science classroom is commonly used for both formative and summative
assessment purposes to let the student and the instructor gauge progress toward learning …