This article reviews current drought effects on environmental systems. It stresses the need
for considering environmental drought as a relevant type to be included in drought …

Protected Areas (PAs) are a critical tool for maintaining habitat integrity and species
diversity, and now cover more than 12.7% of the planet's land surface area. However, there …

Protected areas provide major benefits for humans in the form of ecosystem services, but
landscape degradation by human activity at their edges may compromise their ecological …

Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for
millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstone of global conservation efforts but their
performance in maintaining populations of their key species remains poorly documented …

Large mammalian carnivores are ecologically important because relatively few individuals
can cause strong predation-driven direct effects or fear-driven indirect effects that can ripple …

Populations of many wild ungulate species in Africa are in decline largely because of land‐
use changes and other human activities. Analyses that document these declines and …

Tree cover is a fundamental structural characteristic and driver of ecosystem processes in
terrestrial ecosystems, and trees are a major global carbon (C) sink. Fire and herbivores …

Abstract The National Park Service has developed a long-term ecological monitoring
program for 32 ecoregional networks containing more than 270 parks with significant natural …