Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and
global temperatures to rise by at least 2° C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed …

Coral reef ecosystems thrive in tropical oligotrophic oceans because of the relationship
between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae called Symbiodinium …

Coral reefs are found in a wide range of environments, where they provide food and habitat
to a large range of organisms as well as other ecological goods and services. Warm-water …

Effective marine management requires comprehensive data on the status of marine
biodiversity. However, efficient methods that can document biodiversity in our oceans are …

Background Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae are important photosynthetic
symbionts in cnidarians (such as corals) and other coral reef organisms. Breakdown of the …

The coral holobiont is the community of metazoans, protists and microbes associated with
scleractinian corals. Disruptions in these associations have been correlated with coral …

Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, poses
a serious threat to marine organisms in tropical, open-ocean, coastal, deep-sea, and high …

Symbiotic associations with Symbiodiniaceae have evolved independently across a diverse
range of cnidarian taxa including reef-building corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish, yet the …

The majority of known bacterial species cannot be cultivated under laboratory conditions.
Here we argue that the adaptive emergence of obligate metabolic interactions in natural …

Dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae occupy multiple ecological niches on tropical,
subtropical, and temperate reefs, ranging from species that are exclusively free-living to …