Abstract 4D printing technology has garnered significant attention for its ability to reshape
3D printed structures under external stimuli over time. However, the 4D printing of pure …

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) printing technologies has
significantly improved the fabrication of advanced materials, with MXene-based composites …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an advanced manufacturing technology that has
rapidly emerged as a transformative tool with the capacity to reshape various research …

Abstract Four-dimensional (4D) printing is regarded as a methodology that links 3D printing
to time, which is characterized by the evolution of predetermined structures or functions for …

3D printing technology, based on computer-aided design, utilizes software and numerical
control system to fabricate intricate three-dimensional structures layer-by-layer (Y. Chen …

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) have significant applications in aerospace and
automotive manufacturing. However, due to the complexity of CFRP structures …

While three-dimensional (3D) printing excels at fabricating static constructs, it fails to
emulate the dynamic behavior of native tissues or the temporal programmability desired for …

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have unique characteristics, such as the shape memory effect,
which allows them to recover their initial shape after being deformed when stimulated, and …

The scientific community has enthusiastically adopted emerging technologies, including
three-dimensional (3D) printers, which provide innovative resolutions to enduring troubles …

Abstract Background Drug delivery systems (DDSs) encompass a wide range of methods,
including oral, injectable, and topical routes of administration, all tailored to meet specific …