For over a century since the Nobel prize winning work by Einstein (1905 Ann. Phys. 17 132),
atomic photoionization was thought to be an instantaneous process. Recent experimental …

The quantum-mechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids occurs on the sub-
femtosecond timescale. Consequently, the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena requires …

Intense attosecond X-ray pulses are key for ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy and diffractive
imaging. Here we demonstrate the generation of terawatt-scale isolated attosecond pulses …

Attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have long been sought as the most
straightforward method for observing electron dynamics in real time. Although there has …

Pump–probe experiments with subfemtosecond resolution are the key to understanding
electronic dynamics in quantum systems. Here we demonstrate the generation and control …

Abstract Short wavelength Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) are among the newest light sources
available to scientists to probe a wide range of phenomena, with chemical, physical and …

We demonstrate a novel multistage amplification scheme for self-amplified spontaneous-
emission free electron lasers for the production of few femtosecond pulses with very high …

The ability to produce ultrashort, high-brightness X-ray pulses is revolutionizing the field of
ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy. Free-electron laser (FEL) facilities are driving this revolution …

Coherent nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging in the X-ray domain provide direct insight
into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length …

We present the design of an electron velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer where the
ionizing laser source propagates along the symmetry axis of the spectrometer. The co-axial …