Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing a diverse spectrum of
tumours with varying morphological, biological, and clinical phenotypes. Although tumours …

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and ranks second among
causes for cancer related death in women. Evidence in literature has shown that the past …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with variable survival outcomes. Pathologists
grade the microscopic appearance of breast tissue using the Nottingham criteria, which are …

Advances in the quality of whole-slide images have set the stage for the clinical use of digital
images in anatomic pathology. Along with advances in computer image analysis, this raises …

Tumor proliferation is an important biomarker indicative of the prognosis of breast cancer
patients. Assessment of tumor proliferation in a clinical setting is a highly subjective and …

The emphasis in contemporary medical oncology has been “precision” or “personalized”
medicine, terms that imply a strategy to improve efficacy through targeted therapies. Similar …

Importance Pathologic complete response (pCR) is a known prognostic biomarker for long-
term outcomes. The I-SPY2 trial evaluated if the strength of this clinical association persists …

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. However, increased
survival is due to the dramatic advances in the screening methods, early diagnosis, and …

Increased understanding of the molecular heterogeneity that is intrinsic to the various
subtypes of breast cancer will likely shape the future of breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis …

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy is being used increasingly in the treatment of early-stage
breast cancer. Response, in the form of pathological complete response, is a validated and …