Background Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase
in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible …

Recent studies have characterized how host genetics, prenatal environment and delivery
mode can shape the newborn microbiome at birth. Following this, postnatal factors, such as …

There have been significant advances in our understanding of human autoimmunity that
have led to improvements in classification and diagnosis and, most importantly, research …

The intestine represents the largest compartment of the immune system. It is continually
exposed to antigens and immunomodulatory agents from the diet and the commensal …

Importance Timing of introduction of allergenic foods to the infant diet may influence the risk
of allergic or autoimmune disease, but the evidence for this has not been comprehensively …

Antibiotics are by far the most common medications prescribed for children. Recent
epidemiological data suggests an association between early antibiotic use and disease …

Our understanding of celiac disease and how it develops has evolved significantly over the
last half century. Although traditionally viewed as a pediatric illness characterized by …

This review gives an update of the current scientific evidence on the efficacy of the
adjunctive use of systemic and local antibiotics/antimicrobials in the treatment of …

Microbial colonization of the infant occurs during a critical time window for immune and
gastrointestinal development. Infant colonization sets the stage for the adult microbiome …

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which
both genetic predisposition and environmental factors serve as disease triggers. Many …