It has long been argued that only humans could produce and understand language. But
now, for the first time, artificial language models (LMs) achieve this feat. Here we survey the …

Humans and animals excel at generalizing from limited data, a capability yet to be fully
replicated in artificial intelligence. This perspective investigates generalization in biological …

To what degree can language be acquired from linguistic input alone? This question has
vexed scholars for millennia and is still a major focus of debate in the cognitive science of …

Effective communication hinges on a mutual understanding of word meaning in different
contexts. We recorded brain activity using electrocorticography during spontaneous, face-to …

Speech in psychosis has long been ascribed as involving 'loosening of associations'. We
pursued the aim to elucidate its underlying cognitive mechanisms by analysing picture …

Piecing together the meaning of a narrative requires understanding not only the individual
words but also the intricate relationships between them. How does the brain construct this …

The staggering pace with which the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are
increasing, as measured by a range of commonly used natural language understanding …

When processing language, the brain is thought to deploy specialized computations to
construct meaning from complex linguistic structures. Recently, artificial neural networks …

Word embeddings and language models have transformed natural language processing
(NLP) by facilitating the representation of linguistic elements in continuous vector spaces …

An important assumption that comes with using LLMs on psycholinguistic data has gone
unverified. LLM-based predictions are based on subword tokenization, not decomposition of …