Cellular mechanotransduction, a critical regulator of numerous biological processes, is the
conversion from mechanical signals to biochemical signals regarding cell activities and …

The widespread use of molecular machines in biology has long suggested that great
rewards could come from bridging the gap between synthetic molecular systems and the …

Myosin motors power movements on actin filaments, whereas dynein and kinesin motors
power movements on microtubules. The mechanisms of these motor proteins differ, but, in …

Since their invention in 1986 by Arthur Ashkin and colleagues, optical tweezers have
become an essential tool in several fields of physics, spectroscopy, biology …

Single-molecule force spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate the forces
and motions associated with biological molecules and enzymatic activity. The most common …

We calculate the forces of single-beam gradient radiation pressure laser traps, also called"
optical tweezers," on micron-sized dielectric spheres in the ray optics regime. This serves as …

The techniques of optical trap** and manipulation of neutral particles by lasers provide
unique means to control the dynamics of small particles. These new experimental methods …

Do biological motors move with regular steps? To address this question, we constructed
instrumentation with the spatial and temporal sensitivity to resolve movement on a molecular …

In the first part of the seventeenth century, the German astronomer Johannes Kepler
proposed that the reason comet tails point away from the sun is because they are pushed in …