Objectives. This paper aims to review the evidence on the potential roles of modifiable and
nonmodifiable risk factors associated with periodontal disease. Data. Original articles that …

A sex difference in oral health has been widely documented through time and across
cultures. Women's oral health declines more rapidly than men's with the onset of agriculture …

Different phases of a woman's life: Puberty, menses, pregnancy, and menopause have
varied influence on her oral health. During the menopause, women go through biological …

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cigarette smoking and
smoking cessation and the prevalence and incidence of tooth loss in a large cohort study in …

The retention or loss of permanent teeth is of central importance to an individual's oral health
status and to quality of life. The loss of some or all teeth from the permanent dentition is …

The menopause is physiological changes in women that give rise to adaptive changes at
both systemic and oral level. As we all begin to reach an older age, dental health and …

Abstract Objects: This study was designed to examine the magnitude and etiology of gender
differences in oral health. South Asia was selected for study because sex differences in …

OBJECTIVES: To review the literature about oral symptoms and signs at the menopause
with an emphasis on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). To give practical guidelines for …

Many women believe that their dental condition deteriorated during pregnancy or as a result
of having children. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between higher …

Background. Many older adults suffer from poor oral health, including tooth loss, and
disparities among racial/ethnic and socially disadvantaged populations continue to exist …