Superiority of external attentional focus for motor performance and learning: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

LK Chua, J Jimenez-Diaz, R Lewthwaite… - Psychological …, 2021‏ - psycnet.apa.org
Considerable literature on the role of attentional focus in motor performance and learning
has accumulated for over two decades. We report the results of comprehensive meta …

Why motor imagery is not really motoric: Towards a re-conceptualization in terms of effect-based action control

P Bach, C Frank, W Kunde - Psychological Research, 2024‏ - Springer
Overt and imagined action seem inextricably linked. Both have similar timing, activate
shared brain circuits, and motor imagery influences overt action and vice versa. Motor …

Mental representation and mental practice: experimental investigation on the functional links between motor memory and motor imagery

C Frank, WM Land, C Popp, T Schack - PloS one, 2014‏ - journals.plos.org
Recent research on mental representation of complex action has revealed distinct
differences in the structure of representational frameworks between experts and novices …

Triple play: Additive contributions of enhanced expectancies, autonomy support, and external attentional focus to motor learning

G Wulf, R Lewthwaite, P Cardozo… - Quarterly Journal of …, 2018‏ - journals.sagepub.com
In the OPTIMAL theory of motor learning [Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R.(2016). Optimizing
performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of …

External focus and autonomy support: Two important factors in motor learning have additive benefits

G Wulf, S Chiviacowsky, R Drews - Human movement science, 2015‏ - Elsevier
We examined whether the combination of two factors that have consistently been found to
enhance motor learning–an external focus (EF) of attention and autonomy support (AS) …

Performance of gymnastics skill benefits from an external focus of attention

R Abdollahipour, G Wulf, R Psotta… - Journal of sports …, 2015‏ - Taylor & Francis
The present study was designed to fill a gap in the literature on attentional focus and sports
performance. Specifically, in contrast to most previous studies in which an external focus …

Mental representation and motor imagery training

T Schack, K Essig, C Frank, D Koester - Frontiers in human …, 2014‏ - frontiersin.org
Research in sports, dance and rehabilitation has shown that basic action concepts (BACs)
are fundamental building blocks of mental action representations. BACs are based on …

Attentional focus strategies to improve motor performance in older adults: a systematic review

TT Chen, TCT Mak, SSM Ng, TWL Wong - International journal of …, 2023‏ - mdpi.com
Previous literature shows the beneficial effects of an external focus of attention on various
sports skills in young adults. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects …

Mental representation and the cognitive architecture of skilled action

T Schack, C Frank - Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 2021‏ - Springer
The aim of this paper is to understand the functional role of mental representations and
intentionality in skilled actions from a systems related perspective. Therefore, we will …