Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, also known as nucleotide-
binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), are a family of cytosolic pattern recognition …

The mammalian NLR gene family was first reported over 20 years ago, although several
genes that were later grouped into the family were already known at that time. Although it is …

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent
bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of …

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the executor of pyroptosis, which is important for host defence
against pathogen infection. Following activation, caspase-mediated cleavage of GSDMD …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

As a key component of the inflammasome, NLRP3 is a critical intracellular danger sensor
emerging as an important clinical target in inflammatory diseases. However, little is known …

Posttranslational modifications increase the complexity and functional diversity of proteins in
response to complex external stimuli and internal changes. Among these, protein lipidations …

Plasma membrane perforation elicited by caspase cleavage of the gasdermin D (GSDMD) N-
terminal domain (GSDMD-NT) triggers pyroptosis. The mechanisms underlying GSDMD …

The nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-
containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical mediator of the innate immune …

Lysosomes are the main organelles in macrophages for killing invading bacteria. However,
the precise mechanism underlying lysosomal biogenesis upon bacterial infection remains …