The mood stabilizers lithium and valproic acid (VPA) are traditionally used to treat bipolar
disorder (BD), a severe mental illness arising from complex interactions between genes and …

The purpose of this review is to integrate what is currently known about the role of brain-
derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the pathophysiology of mood disorders including …

Objectives. This 2013 update of the practice guidelines for the biological treatment of
unipolar depressive disorders was developed by an international Task Force of the World …

Psychotropic drugs acting on monoamine neurotransmission are major pharmacological
treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar …

Lithium has been and continues to be the mainstay of bipolar disorder (BD)
pharmacotherapy for acute mood episodes, switch prevention, prophylactic treatment, and …

For more than 60 years, the mood stabilizer lithium has been used alone or in combination
for the treatment of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, depression, and other mental illnesses …

Research aimed at elucidating the underlying neurobiology and genetics of bipolar disorder,
and factors associated with treatment response, have been limited by a heterogeneous …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a complex autoimmune condition that causes nonscarring hair loss.
It typically presents with sharply demarcated round patches of hair loss and may present at …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe, debilitating medical illness that affects millions
of individuals worldwide. The young age of onset and chronicity of the disorder has a …

Manic-depressive illness has been conceptualized as a neurochemical illness. However,
brain imaging and postmortem studies reveal gray-matter reductions, as well as neuronal …