Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the primary factor that drives fibrosis in most, if not
all, forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inhibition of the TGF-β isoform, TGF-β1, or its …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known
cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor patient
survival. Toward understanding the underlying molecular alterations that drive PDAC …

Fibrosis occurs when there is an imbalance in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and
degradation. Excessive ECM deposition results in scarring and thickening of the affected …

Abstract TGF-β 1–3 are unique multi-functional growth factors that are only expressed in
mammals, and mainly secreted and stored as a latent complex in the extracellular matrix …

Cardiac fibrosis is defined as the imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and
degradation, thus contributing to cardiac dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic …

TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is well identified as a central mediator in renal fibrosis.
TGF-β initiates canonical and non-canonical pathways to exert multiple biological effects …

Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction (HF p EF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (eg …

Metastasis is the most frequent cause of death in cancer patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition (EMT) is the process in which cells lose epithelial integrity and become motile, a …

Subsets of long-lived, tumor-initiating stem cells often escape cancer therapies. However,
sources and mechanisms that generate tumor heterogeneity and drug-resistant cell …