Intraoperative internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during open skull base surgery is a
catastrophic complication. Multiple techniques and management strategies have been …

Purpose The sphenoid bone (SB) extracranial ligaments (ECRLs) are the pterygoalar and
pterygospinous ligaments (PTAL and PTSL) that are located at the SB lateral pterygoid …

Background: The caroticoclinoid ligament (CCL) is between the anterior and middle clinoid
processes. The ligament can be variably ossified, creating the caroticoclinoid bar or foramen …

Background: The caroticoclinoid bar (CCB) or caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF) represents a
well-described ossified variant of the skull base. It corresponds to an osseous bridge …

Background The middle clinoid process (MCP), particularly caroticoclinoid ring (CCR) type
of the MCP, is an important part of the sphenoid bone for skull base surgery. Previous …

Background Removal of the anterior clinoid process expands the anterolateral corridor.
Performed extradurally, the dura provides intracranial contents some protection. Methods …

Background: Microsurgical treatment of paraclinoid aneurysms is a complex task that
generally requires anterior clinoid process (ACP) removal to obtain adequate surgical …

Internal carotid artery (ICA) injury is a catastrophic complication of endoscopic endonasal
surgery (EES). However, its standard management, emergent endovascular treatment, may …

Aim In this report, we described the case of bilateral caroticoclinoid foramen found on the
isolated human sphenoid bone. Case description Observed anatomical variant resulted from …

METHODS: According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-
Analyses for Sco** Reviews guidelines, a systematic sco** review was conducted up to …