The term 'stress'–coined in 1936–has many definitions, but until now has lacked a
theoretical foundation. Here we present an information-theoretic approach–based on the …

Pyramidal neurons are characterized by their distinct apical and basal dendritic trees and
the pyramidal shape of their soma. They are found in several regions of the CNS and …

Recent neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies suggest a close interaction
between sensory and motor processes across the neocortex. Here, I propose that the …

The descending projections from motor cortex share many features with top-down or
backward connections in visual cortex; for example, corticospinal projections originate in …

A basic feature of intelligent systems such as the cerebral cortex is the ability to freely
associate aspects of perceived experience with an internal representation of the world and …

Understanding cortical circuits will require map** the connections between specific
populations of neurons, as well as determining the dendritic locations where the synapses …

The sensory cortex contains a wide array of neuronal types, which are connected together
into complex but partially stereotyped circuits. Sensory stimuli trigger cascades of electrical …

A broad range of evidence regarding the functional organization of the vertebrate brain–
spanning from comparative neurology to experimental psychology and neurophysiology to …

Cortical gain regulation allows neurons to respond adaptively to changing inputs. Neural
gain is modulated by internal and external influences, including attentional and arousal …

Predictive coding is a leading theory of how the brain performs probabilistic inference.
However, there are a number of distinct algorithms which are described by the term …