The advent of ribosome profiling and other tools to probe mRNA translation has revealed
that codon bias—the uneven use of synonymous codons in the transcriptome—serves as a …

The principles of mRNA decoding are conserved among all extant life forms. We present an
integrative view of all the interaction networks between mRNA, tRNA and rRNA: the intrinsic …

A major determinant of mRNA half-life is the codon-dependent rate of translational
elongation. How the processes of translational elongation and mRNA decay communicate is …

Strikingly consistent correlations between rates of coding-sequence evolution and gene
expression levels are apparent across taxa, but the biological causes behind the selective …

OPTIMIZER is an on-line application that optimizes the codon usage of a gene to increase
its expression level. Three methods of optimization are available: the 'one amino acid–one …

Codon usage and tRNA abundance are critical parameters for gene synthesis. However, the
forces determining codon usage bias within genomes and between organisms, as well as …

Background Analyses of DNA sequences from cultivated microorganisms have revealed
genome-wide, taxa-specific nucleotide compositional characteristics, referred to as genome …

Cellular efficiency in protein translation is an important fitness determinant in rapidly growing
organisms. It is widely believed that synonymous codons are translated with unequal …

The frequencies of alternative synonymous codons vary both among species and among
genes from the same genome. These patterns have been inferred to reflect the action of …

The possible effect of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) concentrations on codons decoding
time is a fundamental biomedical research question; however, due to a large number of …