Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are the important mediators of inflammatory pathways in the gut
which play a major role in mediating the immune responses towards a wide variety of …

Based on engineered or bacterial nucleases, the development of genome editing
technologies has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic …

An effective tumor vaccine vector that can rapidly display neoantigens is urgently needed.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) can strongly activate the innate immune system and are …

The complex gastrointestinal environment and the intestinal epithelial barrier constrain the
design and effectiveness of orally administered tumour vaccines. Here we show that outer …

Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research.
They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in regulating various physiological
functions of living organisms. The intrinsic biochemical properties of ROS, which underlie …

The past decades have witnessed hyperthermia therapy (HTT) as an emerging strategy
against malignant tumors. Nanomaterial‐based photothermal therapy (PTT) and magnetic …

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics hold the potential to cause a major revolution
in the pharmaceutical industry because they can be used for precise and individualized …

Tumor vaccines for cancer prevention and treatment have attracted tremendous interests in
the area of cancer immunotherapy in recent years. In this work, we present a strategy to …

Simple Summary Radiotherapy with carbon ions has been used for over 20 years in Asia
and Europe and is now planned in the USA. The physics advantages of carbon ions …