Machine learning (ML) offers new technologies in the precision agriculture domain with its
intelligent algorithms and strong computation. Oil palm is one of the rich crops that is also …

Abstract Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is of the most profitable and widespread
commercial high tree crops in the tropical world, typically in Southeastern Asia. The present …

The classification of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in relation to the maturity level is an
important aspect to determine the quality and productivity of the fruit. This study evaluated …

The increasing severity of the labour shortage problem in the Malaysian palm oil industry
has created a need to explore other avenues for harvesting oil palm fresh fruit bunches …

The escalating demand for palm oil necessitates enhanced production strategies. As the
trend shifts towards automated harvesting to meet the demand, precise ripeness …

The oil yield, measured in oil extraction rate per hectare in the palm oil industry, is directly
affected by the ripening levels of the oil palm fresh fruit bunches at the point of harvesting. A …

Ripeness estimation of oil palm fresh fruit bunches is a crucial component in the
management of oil palm harvesting, as it will lead to profitability and marketability of the …

Oil palm industry is one of the main industries in Malaysia that contributes to the country's
gross domestic product (GDP). In the oil palm industrial sector, methods of planting …

Biodiesel expansion can lead to unintended effects that offset the direct GHG benefits of
biofuels. Two documented unintended effects are the indirect land use change (ILUC) and …

One of the key performance indicators of the palm oil mill is the oil extraction rate (OER),
indicating the amount of oil that can be extracted from the fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The …