The production of synthetic ammonia remains dependent on the energy-and capital-
intensive Haber–Bosch process. Extensive research in molecular catalysis has …

Nitrogen fixation, the six-electron/six-proton reduction of N2, to give NH3, is one of the most
challenging and important chemical transformations. Notwithstanding the barriers …

As renewable electricity prices continue to decline, interest grows in alternative routes for the
synthesis of sustainable fuels and chemicals, including ammonia. Considering demand for …

The functionalization of coordinated dinitrogen to form nitrogen–element bonds en route to
nitrogen-containing molecules is a long-standing challenge in chemical synthesis. The …

Activation of dinitrogen plays an important role in daily anthropogenic life, and the processes
by which this fixation occurs have been a longstanding and significant research focus within …

Nitrogenases are responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, a crucial step in the
biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. These enzymes utilize a two-component protein system and …

N2 is fixed as NH3 industrially by the Haber–Bosch process under harsh conditions,
whereas biological nitrogen fixation is achieved under ambient conditions, which has …

The development of high-efficiency noble-metal-free catalysts for the electrochemical
nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) to ammonia under ambient conditions has great …

This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the
d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022 …

Identifying efficient electrocatalysts with low overpotential and high selectivity for producing
ammonia from nitrogen gas is essential for any future electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction …