Heavy metals play an important role in the homeostasis of living cells. However, these
elements induce several adverse environmental effects and toxicities, and therefore …

The phasing out of leaded gasoline for transportation vehicles between 1973 and 1995 and
the removal of lead from paint by federal mandate by 1978 have resulted in substantial …

The writing of each chapter of the guidelines was led by one main author and one or two co-
authors (see below) and extensively supported by Elinor Chisholm and Ramona Ludolph …

This study provides an approximate estimate of how much disease can be prevented by
reducing the environmental risks to health. It includes a meta-synthesis of key evidence …

Lead toxicity is a major public health issue in developed and develo** countries. Both
acute and chronic lead exposure has the potential to cause many deleterious systematic …

Lead continues to pose a serious threat to the health of many children as well as adults.
Concern about lead exposure as a significant public health problem has increased as …

Background—Blood lead levels above 0.48 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) in adults have been
associated with increased risk of cardiovascular, cancer, and all-cause mortality. The …

Environmental cadmium and lead exposures are widespread, and both metals are
nephrotoxic at high exposure levels. Few studies have evaluated the associations between …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a major global public health concern. Efforts to
prevent and/or slow progression of CKD are essential. Lead nephropathy, characterized by …

Research conducted in recent years has increased public health concern about the toxicity
of lead at low dose and has supported a reappraisal of the levels of lead exposure that may …