Our understanding of ungulate migration is advancing rapidly due to innovations in modern
animal tracking. Herein, we review and synthesize nearly seven decades of work on …

Resource tracking, where animals increase energy gain by moving to track phenological
variation in resources across space, is emerging as a fundamental attribute of animal …

Migration of ungulates (hooved mammals) is a fundamental ecological process that
promotes abundant herds, whose effects cascade up and down terrestrial food webs …

Migrating animals may benefit from social or experiential learning, yet whether and how
these learning processes interact or change over time to produce observed migration …

Competition, facilitation, and predation offer alternative explanations for successional
patterns of migratory herbivores. However, these interactions are difficult to measure …

The ability to freely move across the landscape to track the emergence of nutritious spring
green-up (termed 'green-wave surfing') is key to the foraging strategy of migratory ungulates …

Habitat selection models frequently use data collected from a small geographic area over a
short window of time to extrapolate patterns of relative abundance into unobserved areas or …

Context Climate change is driving phenological shifts across landscapes, but uncoordinated
shifts might cause a potential “phenological mismatch.” There has been little consensus on …

Human disturbance is contributing to widespread, global changes in the distributions and
densities of wild animals. These anthropogenic impacts on wildlife arise from multiple …

Depending on the habitats they live in, temperate ungulates have adapted to different
degrees to seasonally changing forage and weather conditions, and to specific escape …