T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine
becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and …

Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) has been a great challenge. Reductionist approaches to understand …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells are a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells that essentially
support germinal center responses where high-affinity and long-lived humoral immunity is …

Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal
centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in …

Impressive progress has been made over the last several years toward understanding how
almost every aspect of the immune system contributes to the expression of systemic …

Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular
functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of
immune tolerance and sustained production of autoantibodies. Multiple and profound T cell …

Hel** B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4+ T cells. It has been 10
years since the publication of Bcl6 as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T follicular …

The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), long recognised by clinicians, is
now challenging the entire lupus community, from geneticists to clinical investigators …