Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction
pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we …

Genetic alterations affecting RAS proteins are commonly found in human cancers. Roughly
a fourth of melanoma patients carry activating NRAS mutations, rendering this malignancy …

The emergence of drug resistance limits the efficacy of targeted therapies in human tumors.
The prevalent view is that resistance is a fait accompli: when treatment is initiated, cancers …

Melanoma is an aggressive malignancy originating from pigment-producing melanocytes.
The development of targeted therapies (MAPK pathway inhibitors) and immunotherapies …

Resistance to therapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently a major problem in
the treatment of cancers and occurs in virtually every type of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore …

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) can regulate the catalytic activity of pyruvate
decarboxylation oxidation via the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and it …

Background Cardamonin, a chalcone isolated from Alpiniae katsumadai, has anti-
inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the molecular mechanism by which …

Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with
melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation …

Cancer cells use alterations of normal metabolic processes to sustain proliferation
indefinitely. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of the pyruvate dehydrogenase …

Focal amplifications (FA) can mediate targeted therapy resistance in cancer. Understanding
the structure and dynamics of FAs is critical for designing treatments that overcome plasticity …