Biofilm formation is a process in which microbial cells aggregate to form collectives that are
embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive …

In nature, bacteria alternate between two modes of growth: a unicellular life phase, in which
the cells are free-swimming (planktonic), and a multicellular life phase, in which the cells are …

Conventional biomaterial is frequently used in the biomedical sector for various therapies,
imaging, treatment, and theranostic functions. However, their properties are fixed to meet …

Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been explored for use in a range of applications including
tissue engineering and textiles. BC can be produced from waste streams, but sustainable …

Biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis is a communal process that culminates in the formation
of architecturally complex multicellular communities. Here we reveal that the transition of the …