This study provides a comprehensive and quantitative estimate of how global temperatures
have changed during the last 540 million years. It combines paleotemperature …

A series of global major geological and biological events occurred during the Permian
Period. Establishing a highresolution stratigraphic and temporal framework is essential to …

Abstract The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has a long tradition of
producing international charts that communicate higher-order divisions of geological time …

Over the past 25 yr, the science of stratigraphy has evolved to include time-correlative data
from vastly disparate components of the Earth system. Not least of these is the global signal …

Icehouses are the less common climate state on Earth, and thus it is notable that the longest-
lived (c. 370 to 260 Ma) and possibly most extensive and intense of icehouse periods …

The supercontinent Pangea completes its assembly and moves north during the Permian.
The 47-million-year-long period begins with a great ice age and ends with the Earth's …

Milankovitch cycles are quasi-periodic fluctuations in insolation forced by variations in the
Earth's astronomical parameters, inducing climate change, and in turn affecting …

A high-resolution oxygen isotope record based on 356 measurements of conodont apatite
from several low latitudinal sections in South China, USA and Iran was composed in order to …

The timing of the late Paleozoic glaciation and its terminal deglaciation in the Paraná Basin,
Brazil, is unconstrained and prohibits correlation of the Paraná Basin ice record with other …

Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Bushveld Complex, including the world's largest layered
intrusion and host to world-class stratiform chromium, platinum group element, and …