Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen concentration, is a significant stressor that affects
the survival of aerobic species and plays a prominent role in cardiovascular diseases. From …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are highly conserved transcription factors that are crucial for
adaptation of metazoans to limited oxygen availability. Recently, HIF activation and …

Since the discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), numerous studies on the hypoxia
signaling pathway have been performed. The role of HIF stabilization during hypoxia has …

Numerous studies have demonstrated that endothelial cells are capable of undergoing
endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), a newly recognized type of cellular …

Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a process whereby an endothelial cell
undergoes a series of molecular events that lead to a change in phenotype toward a …

The endothelium is one of the largest organ systems in the body, and data continue to
emerge regarding the importance of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction in vascular aging and …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease that involves pulmonary
vasoconstriction, small vessel obliteration, large vessel thickening and obstruction, and …

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles essential for cell metabolism, growth, and
function. It is becoming increasingly clear that endothelial cell dysfunction significantly …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling that can
subsequently culminate in right heart failure and premature death. Emerging evidence …

The correct concentration of oxygen in all tissues is a hallmark of cellular wellness, and the
negative regulation of oxygen homeostasis is able to affect the cells and tissues of the whole …