Much has been learned about how cells enter lymphoid tissues. But how do they leave?
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has emerged over the past decade as a central mediator of …

Weak T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signals from contact with self ligands act in synergy with
antiapoptotic signals induced by interleukin 7 (IL-7) to promote the survival of naive T cells in …

Heightened effector function and prolonged persistence, the key attributes of Th1 and Th17
cells, respectively, are key features of potent anti-tumor T cells. Here, we established ex vivo …

The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of
rapamycin) forms the distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 and integrates …

Foxo transcription factors integrate extrinsic signals to regulate cell division, differentiation
and survival, and specific functions of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Here, we showed the …

CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) characterized by expression of the transcription factor
Foxp3 have a pivotal role in maintaining immunological tolerance. Here we show that mice …

The outcome of an infection with any given pathogen varies according to the dosage and
route of infection, but, in addition, the physiological state of the host can determine the …

The evolutionary conserved Foxo transcription factors are important regulators of
quiescence and longevity. Although, Foxo1 is known to be important in regulating CD8+ T …

After their development in the thymus, mature T cells are maintained in the periphery by two
sets of survival signals, namely TCR signals from contact with self-peptide/MHC ligands and …

The follicular helper T (Tfh) cells help is critical for activation of B cells, antibody class
switching, and germinal center (GC) formation. The Tfh cells are characterized by the …