Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease of the intestinal epithelium that is
characterized by the accumulation of mutations and a dysregulated immune response. Up to …

Mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that
belongs to the basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)–PAS family of transcription factors, which are …

The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune and metabolic
status. Indole and its derivatives are metabolites produced by the metabolism of tryptophan …

Dietary phenolic acids alleviate intestinal inflammation through altering gut microbiota
composition and regulating macrophage activation. However, it is unclear how individual …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with gut microbiota
disequilibrium and regulatory T (Treg)/T helper 17 (Th17) immune imbalance. Stigmasterol …

Background Despite the great success, the therapeutic benefits of immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer immunotherapy are limited by either various resistance …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that attacks almost every
organ. The condition mostly happens to adults but is also found in children, and the latter …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, going through three different metabolic pathways in
the intestines. Indole pathway in the gut microbiota, serotonin system in the enterochromaffin …

Hydrolysis of glucobrassicin by plant or bacterial myrosinase produces multiple indoles
predominantly indole-3-carbinol (I3C). I3C and its major in vivo product, 3, 3' …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), discovered 46 years ago, is a transcript factor member
of the basic helix-loop-helix Per-ARNT-SIM (bHLH-PAS) family deeply implicated in health …