Abstract The adoption of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies has revolutionized
agricultural practices worldwide. However, their application in the context of sub-Saharan …

Life on earth is linked to water resources. Recently, alarm bells have been ringing in global
organizations to raise awareness of the importance of rational use of water resources, which …

This study evaluates the use of different time series decomposition methods in association
with echo state networks (ESNs), deep echo state networks (DeepESNs), and next …

Maize is one of the major crops in China. The soil water content (SWC) in the root zone of
maize is a critical indicator that guides agricultural production decisions and can affect …

Vegetation is an essential component of our global ecosystem and an important indicator of
the dynamics and productivity of land cover. Vegetation forecasting research has been …

Reference Evapotranspiration (ET o) is the cornerstone of efficient water utilization for
sustainability in agriculture. The standard Penman–Montieth (PM) approach of Reference …

As one of the most abundant fossil fuels in the world, the safe and efficient mining of coal
resources has greatly affects all fields of human production and life. Accurate prediction of …

Precision agriculture (PA), also known as smart farming, has emerged as an innovative
solution to address contemporary challenges in agricultural sustainability. A particular sector …

Soil moisture (SM) is an essential climate variable, governing land‐atmosphere interactions,
runoff generation, and vegetation growth and productivity. Timely forecasts of SM spatial …

The accurate acquisition of soil water content is a fundamental cornerstone of research into
hydrological processes and agricultural engineering. Electrical Resistivity Tomography …